Freakonomics Radio

• 643. Why Do Candles Still Exist?

  They should have died out when the lightbulb was invented. Instead they’re a $10 billion industry. What does it mean that we still want tiny fires inside our homes? SOURCES:Tim Cooper, professor emeritus of sustainable design and consumption at Nottingham Trent University.Gökçe Günel, professor of anthropology at Rice University.Steve Horenziak, president of the National Candle Association.Meik Wiking, Danish happiness researcher, C.E.O. of the Happiness Research Institute. RESOURCES:"The Great Lightbulb Conspiracy," by Markus Krajewski (IEEE Spectrum, 2024)."The Obsolescence Issue," edited by Townsend Middleton, Gökçe Günel, and Ashley Carse (Limn, 2024).More and More and More, by Jean-Baptiste Fressoz (2024)."What Yankee Candle reviews can tell us about COVID," by Manuela López Restrepo, Christopher Intagliata, Ailsa Chang, and Sacha Pfeiffer (NPR, 2022).Spaceship in the Desert, by Gökçe Günel (2019)."The Birth of Planned Obsolescence," by Livia Gershon (JSTOR Daily, 2017)."Beeswax for the Ages," by G. Jeffrey MacDonald (The Living Church, 2016).The Waste Makers, by Vance Packard (2011). EXTRAS:"Why Do People Still Hunt Whales?" by Freakonomics Radio (2023)."How to Be Happy," by Freakonomics Radio (2018).

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• 642. How to Wage Peace, According to Tony Blinken

  The former secretary of state isn’t a flamethrower, but he certainly has strong opinions. In this wide-ranging conversation with Stephen Dubner, he gives them all: on Israel, Gaza, China, Iran, Russia, Biden, Trump — and the rest of the world. SOURCES:Antony Blinken, former Secretary of State. RESOURCES:"Evaluating the impact of two decades of USAID interventions and projecting the effects of defunding on mortality up to 2030: a retrospective impact evaluation and forecasting analysis," by Daniella Cavalcanti, Lucas de Oliveira Ferreira de Sales, Andrea Ferreira da Silva, Elisa Basterra, Daiana Pena, Caterina Monti, Gonzalo Barreix, Natanael Silva, Paula Vaz, Francisco Saute, Gonzalo Fanjul, Quique Bassat, Denise Naniche, James Macinko, and Davide Rasella (The Lancet, 2025)."What Bombs Can’t Do in Iran," by Karim Sadjadpour (New York Times, 2025)."A New Palestinian Offer for Peace With Israel," by Elliot Kaufman (Wall Street Journal, 2025)."America’s Strategy of Renewal," by Antony Blinken (Foreign Affairs, 2024).

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• Why Does One Tiny State Set the Rules for Everyone? (Update)

  Until recently, Delaware was almost universally agreed to be the best place for companies to incorporate. Now, with Elon Musk leading a corporate stampede out of the First State, we revisit an episode from 2023 that asked if Delaware’s “franchise” is wildly corrupt, wildly efficient … or both? SOURCES:John Cassara, retired Special Agent detailee to the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Terrorism Finance and Financial Intelligence.Doneene Damon, director with Richards, Layton, and Finger.Travis Laster, Vice Chancellor of the Delaware Court of Chancery.Dan Nielson, professor of government at the University of Texas.Hal Weitzman, professor of behavioral science, editor-in-chief of Chicago Booth Review, and executive director for intellectual capital at the University of Chicago's Booth School of Business. RESOURCES:“A Silicon Valley Giant Calls for a Delaware Exodus,” by Andrew Ross Sorkin, Bernhard Warner, Sarah Kessler, Michael J. de la Merced, and Danielle Kaye (New York Times, 2025)."Financial Secrecy Index," by Tax Justice Network (2025)."Annual Report Statistics," by Delaware Division of Corporations (2023).What’s the Matter with Delaware? How the First State Has Favored the Rich, Powerful, and Criminal — and How It Costs Us All, by Hal Weitzman (2022).Global Shell Games: Experiments in Transnational Relations, Crime, and Terrorism, by Michael G. Findley, Daniel L. Nielson, and J. C. Sharman (2014)."The FATF Recommendations," by the Financial Action Task Force (2012). EXTRAS:"Will the Democrats 'Make America Great Again'?" by Freakonomics Radio (2023).

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• 641. What Does It Cost to Lead a Creative Life?

  For years, the playwright David Adjmi was considered “polarizing and difficult.” But creating Stereophonic seems to have healed him. Stephen Dubner gets the story — and sorts out what Adjmi has in common with Richard Wagner. SOURCES:David Adjmi, author and playwright. RESOURCES:"The West End is enjoying a theatre revival. Can Broadway keep up?" by Daniel Thomas (Financial Times, 2025).Lot Six: A Memoir, by David Adjmi (2020).Stereophonic, (2023). EXTRAS:"How Is Live Theater Still Alive?" by Freakonomics Radio (2025)."How to Make the Coolest Show on Broadway," by Freakonomics Radio (2024).

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• 640. Why Governments Are Betting Big on Sports

  The Gulf States and China are spending billions to build stadiums and buy up teams — but what are they really buying? And can an entrepreneur from Cincinnati make his own billions by bringing baseball to Dubai? SOURCES:Simon Chadwick, professor of afroeurasian sport at Emlyon Business School.Derek Fisher, high school basketball coach, former N.B.A. coach and player.Kash Shaikh, chairman, C.E.O., and co-founder of Baseball United.Rory Smith, football correspondent at The Observer. RESOURCES:"China Keeps Building Stadiums in Africa. But at What Cost?" by Elian Peltier (New York Times, 2024)."Manchester Off-Shored: A Public Interest Report on the Manchester Life Partnership Between Manchester City Council + The Abu Dhabi United Group," by Richard Goulding, Adam Leaver, and Jonathan Silver (Centripetal Cities, 2022)."Manchester City's Cozy Ties to Abu Dhabi: Sponsorship Money – Paid for by the State," by Rafael Buschmann, Nicola Naber, and Christoph Winterbach (Spiegel International, 2022)."China Renews Its ‘Belt and Road’ Push for Global Sway," by Keith Bradsher (New York Times, 2020). EXTRAS:"What Is Sportswashing — and Does It Work? (Update)," by Freakonomics Radio (2024).

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