Within Reason

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- VIDEO NOTES

Adam Aleksic, known online as Etymology Nerd, is an American linguist and content creator who produces videos exploring the origins of words. He began exploring word origins in 2016 through his blog. Aleksic studied at Harvard University, where he gained attention for his educational TikTok videos on linguistics and language in 2023. In 2025, he published Algospeak: How Social Media Is Transforming the Future of Language.

- LINKS

Buy "Algospeak: How Social Media Is Transforming the Future of Language": https://amzn.to/3NcOLpw

- TIMESTAMPS
0:00 – Will Social Media End Local Languages?
7:49 – Why Does Language Change?
15:11 – What Is Algospeak?
22:33 – We Worship Our Phones
27:36 – Upcoming Slang to Invest In
33:26 – Online Slang That Never Quite Caught On
38:48 – Introducing Adam to British Slang
47:13 – The Origins of Language
57:22 – Punctuation in Text Messaging
1:06:24 – The Latin Mass and Hocus Pocus
1:13:44 – The Message of Algospeak

- CONNECT

My Website: https://www.alexoconnor.com

SOCIAL LINKS:
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/cosmicskeptic
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/cosmicskeptic
Instagram:http://www.instagram.com/cosmicskeptic
TikTok: @CosmicSkeptic
The Within Reason Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/within-reason/id1458675168

- CONTACT

Business email: [email protected] enquiries: [email protected]
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Sam Harris is a neuroscientist, philosopher, New York Times best-selling author, host of the Making Sense podcast, and creator of the Waking Up meditation app.

Buy the Waking Up book here.

TIMESTAMPS:
00:00 – Tour
00:32 – Is ‘Spirituality’ a Dirty Word?
04:26 – Why Take Reflective Knowledge Seriously?
29:11 – What Is the Self?
47:04 – Why Are There Distinct Selves?
1:01:22 – The Two Hemispheres of the Brain
1:06:47 – The Problem of Emergence
1:18:41 – What’s the Minimal Amount of Consciousness?
1:34:09 – Is AI Lying to Us About Consciousness?
1:39:15 – What Is the Present?

Get Huel today with this exclusive offer for New Customers of 15% OFF with code alexoconnor at https://huel.com/alexoconnor (Minimum $50 purchase).
Come to my UK tour: https://www.livenation.co.uk/alex-o-connor-tickets-adp1641612.
For early, ad-free access to videos, and to support the channel, subscribe to my Substack: https://www.alexoconnor.com.
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Swami Sarvapriyananda is a Hindu monk belonging to the Ramakrishna Order. He is the current resident Swami and Minister in Charge, of the Vedanta Society of New York.
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TIMESTAMPS:
00:00 – Tour
00:32 – An Intro to Hinduism and Advaita Vedanta
14:31 – What Are the Upanishads
22:08 – Where Do the Vedas (Scripture) Come From?
29:02 – What Does “Upanishad” Mean?
34:36 – What Do the Upanishads Teach Us?
47:07 – What Is Brahman, or Ultimate Existence?
1:02:52 – What Is the True Nature of Consciousness?
1:08:15 – Non-Dualism in Advaita Vedanta
1:18:34 – Why Isn’t There Just One Big Consciousness?
1:29:06 – What Is the Self?
1:36:30 – Are Brahman and Atman the Same Thing?
1:45:25 – What Does ‘God’ Mean in Hinduism?
1:49:07 – Does Hinduism Believe Other Religions Are Incorrect?

Get all sides of every story and be better informed at https://ground.news/AlexOC - subscribe for 40% off unlimited access.
Get tickets to my UK tour here.
For early, ad-free access to videos, and to support the channel, subscribe to my Substack.
Joe Schmid is a PhD student in philosophy at Princeton University and creator of the Majesty of Reason YouTube channel. He graduated with a B.A. in philosophy from Purdue University in 2022. He has published articles in metaphysics, philosophy of religion, and philosophy of time, and the author of books including "Existential Inertia and Classical Theistic Proofs".
Felipe Leon’s 200 arguments for atheism: https://exapologist.blogspot.com/2023/03/200-or-so-arguments-for-atheism.html

TIMESTAMPS
00:00 – Tour
00:32 – Extraordinary Claims Require Extraordinary Evidence
07:50 – There Is No Evidence for God
25:27 – Who Created God?
49:44 – Science Flies You to the Moon, Religion Flies You into Buildings
01:02:33 – Your Location Determines Your Religion
01:28:33 – Claims Are Not Evidence
01:32:50 – You Can’t Prove a Negative
01:38:35 – What Can Be Asserted Without Evidence Can Be Dismissed Without Evidence
01:43:51 – Faith Is Belief Without Evidence
01:54:59 – Religion Makes Good People Do Bad Things
01:55:32 – Absence of Evidence Is Evidence of Absence
01:56:31 – Theism Is Unfalsifiable
02:01:03 – Science Books Would Come Back, Religions Would Not
02:12:58 – Evolution Disproves God

Get Huel today with this exclusive offer for New Customers of 15% OFF with code alexoconnor at https://huel.com/alexoconnor (Minimum $50 purchase).

Come to my tour in February: https://www.livenation.co.uk/alex-o-connor-tickets-adp1641612.

For early, ad-free access to videos, and to support the channel, subscribe to my Substack: https://www.alexoconnor.com.

- VIDEO NOTES

John Sellars is a Reader in philosophy at Royal Holloway, University of London, a visiting Research Fellow at King's College London and a Member of Wolfson College, Oxford. His books include Lessons in Stoicism, The Fourfold Remedy, Aristotle and his work has been translated into over a dozen languages.

TIMESTAMPS
00:00 – Tour
00:32 – Did Socrates Found Stoicism?
08:03 – The Three Eras of Stoicism
17:50 – Stoic Logic
26:19 – Empiricism: How the Stoics Got Knowledge
34:33 – Materialism: Only Physical Things Exist
43:00 – How Reason Fundamentally Animates the Universe
48:43 – Did the Stoics Believe in God?
59:37 – Do the Stoics Contradict Themselves?
01:08:17 – Stoic Ethics
01:24:24 – How Did the Stoics Deal With Evil?
01:36:32 – Can You Choose Your Outcome If Everything Is Determined?